Types of Clients
We offer investment advisory services to individuals, pension and profit sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable
organizations, corporations, and other business entities.
In general, we require a minimum of $3,000,000 to open and maintain an advisory account. At our discretion,
we may waive this minimum account size. For example, we may waive the minimum if you appear to have
significant potential for increasing your assets under our management. We may also combine account values
for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your spouse, and other types of related accounts to meet
the stated minimum.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
We may use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when providing
investment advice to you:
Fundamental Analysis– involves analyzing individual companies and their industry groups, such as a
company’s financial statements, details regarding the company’s product line, the experience and
expertise of the company’s management, and the outlook for the company’s industry. The resulting
data is used to measure the true value of the company’s stock compared to the current market value.
Cyclical Analysis – a type of technical analysis that involves evaluating recurring price patterns and
trends.
Long Term Purchases–securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those securities will
grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Short Term Purchases – securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within a
relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities’ short-
term price fluctuations.
Margin Transactions – a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Trading Options – which is purchasing the right to short or go long on an underlying marketable
security or index for the purpose of protecting a client’s portfolio value by purchasing puts when the
financial markets are projected to decline over a certain a period of time or purchasing calls when the
financial markets are projected to increase over a specified period of time.
Risks of Methods of Analysis
Fundamental Analysis - The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be incorrect and the
analysis may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which may be the basis for a stock’s value. If
securities prices adjust rapidly to new information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not result in favorable
performance.
Cyclical Analysis - Economic/business cycles may not be predictable and may have many fluctuations between
long term expansions and contractions. The lengths of economic cycles may be difficult to predict with accuracy
and therefore the risk of cyclical analysis is the difficulty in predicting economic trends and consequently the
changing value of securities that would be affected by these changing trends.
Investment Strategy and Tax Disclosures
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client’s specific financial situation. As
such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your predefined objectives, risk tolerance, time
horizon, financial horizon, financial information, liquidity needs, and other various suitability factors. Your
restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio.
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we
specifically agree otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the management of
your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly recommend that you
continuously consult with a tax professional prior to and throughout the investing of your assets.
Moreover, as a result of revised IRS regulations, custodians will begin reporting the cost basis of equities
acquired in client accounts on or after January 1, 2011. Your custodian will default to the FIFO (First-In First-
Out) accounting method for calculating the cost basis of your investments. You are responsible for contacting
your tax advisor to determine if this accounting method is the right choice for you. If your tax advisor believes
another accounting method is more advantageous, please provide written notice to our firm immediately and
we will alert your account custodian of your individually selected accounting method. Please note that decisions
about cost basis accounting methods will need to be made before trades settle, as tax law requires that the
cost basis method remain unchanged after settlement.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not represent or
guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully identify market
tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines. You understand that our
investment recommendations for your account are subject to various market, currency, economic, political and
business risks, and that those investment decisions will not always be profitable. We cannot offer any
guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will be met. Past performance is in no way an
indication of future performance.
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
As disclosed under the Advisory Business section above, we recommend all types of securities and we do not
necessarily recommend one particular type of security over another since each client has different needs and
different tolerance for risk. Each type of security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would
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