Fees and Compensation — Form ADV Part 2A (8/3/2026)
[Brochure]
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
A. Describe how you are compensated for your advisory services. Provide your fee schedule. Disclose
whether the fees are negotiable.
Note: If you are an SEC-registered adviser, you do not need to include this information in a brochure that is
delivered only to qualified purchasers as defined in section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act of
1940.
B. Describe whether you deduct fees from clients’ assets or bill clients for fees incurred. If clients may select
either method, disclose this fact. Explain how often you bill clients or deduct your fees.
C. Describe any other types of fees or expenses clients may pay in connection with your advisory services,
such as custodian fees or mutual fund expenses. Disclose that clients will incur brokerage and other
transaction costs, and direct clients to the section(s) of your brochure that discuss brokerage.
D. If your clients either may or must pay your fees in advance, disclose this fact. Explain how a client may
obtain a refund of a pre-paid fee if the advisory contract is terminated before the end of the billing period.
Explain how you will determine the amount of the refund.
E. If you or any of your supervised persons accepts compensation for the sale of securities or other investment
products, including asset-based sales charges or service fees from the sale of mutual funds, disclose this
fact and respond to Items 5.E.1, 5.E.2, 5.E.3 and 5.E.4.
1. Explain that this practice presents a conflict of interest and gives you or your supervised persons an
incentive to recommend investment products based on the compensation received, rather than on a
client’s needs. Describe generally how you address conflicts that arise, including your procedures for
disclosing the conflicts to clients. If you primarily recommend mutual funds, disclose whether you
will recommend “no-load” funds.
2. Explain that clients have the option to purchase investment products that you recommend through
other brokers or agents that are not affiliated with you.
3. If more than 50% of your revenue from advisory clients results from commissions and other
compensation for the sale of investment products you recommend to your clients, including asset-
based distribution fees from the sale of mutual funds, disclose that commissions provide your primary
or, if applicable, your exclusive compensation.
4. If you charge advisory fees in addition to commissions or markups, disclose whether you reduce your
advisory fees to offset the commissions or markups.
Note: If you receive compensation in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, you should
carefully consider the applicability of the broker-dealer registration requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and any applicable state securities statutes.
Account Minimums and Types of Clients — Form ADV Part 2A (8/3/2026)
[Brochure]
Item 7 Types of Clients
Describe the types of clients to whom you generally provide investment advice, such as individuals, trusts,
investment companies, or pension plans. If you have any requirements for opening or maintaining an account, such
as a minimum account size, disclose the requirements.
Filed 2016-11-22 (D/A) · Exemption 506(b), 3(c), 3(c)(1) · Minimum $250,000 · Remaining Indefinite · Duration More than one year · Net Assets Decline to Disclose
AUM Breakdown
Accounts
AUM ($M)
By Client Type
(a) Individuals (other than high net worth individuals)
0
0.0
(b) Individuals (high net worth individuals)
5
1.0
(c) Banking or thrift institutions
0
0.0
(d) Investment companies
0
0.0
(e) Business development companies
0
0.0
(f) Pooled investment vehicles
0
0.0
(g) Pension and profit sharing plans
0
0.0
(h) Charitable organizations
0
0.0
(i) State or municipal government entities
0
0.0
(j) Other investment advisers
0
0.0
(k) Insurance companies
0
0.0
(l) Sovereign wealth funds and foreign official institutions
0
0.0
(m) Corporations or other businesses not listed above